People?v.?McAlpin?(1991)?53?Cal.3d?1289?,?283?Cal.Rptr.?382;?812?P.2d?563 [No.?S010577.?Jul?18,?1991.] THE?PEOPLE,?Plaintiff?and?Respondent,?v.?BRUCE?McALPIN,?Defendant?and?Appellant. (Superior?Court?of?Santa?Clara?County,?No.?116671,?John?A.?Flaherty,?Judge.) (Opinion?by?Mosk,?J.,?with?Lucas,?C.?J.,?Kennard,?Arabian?[53?Cal.3d?1290]?and?Baxter,?JJ.,?concurring.?Separate?concurring?and?dissenting?opinion?by?Broussard,?J.?with?Panelli,?J.,?concurring.) COUNSEL Campbell?&?Demetrick,?James?Farragher?Campbell?and?Linda?Lee?DeMetrick?for?Defendant?and?Appellant. John?K.?Van?de?Kamp?and?Daniel?E.?Lungren,?Attorneys?General,?Steve?White?and?Richard?B.?Iglehart,?Chief?Assistant?Attorneys?General,?John?H.?Sugiyama,?Assistant?Attorney?General,?Stan?M.?Helfman,?Rene?A.?Chacon,?Laurence?K.?Sullivan?and?Catherine?A.?Rivlin,?Deputy?Attorneys?General,?for?Plaintiff?and?Respondent. Kent?S.?Scheidegger?and?Charles?L.?Hobson?as?Amici?Curiae?on?behalf?of?Plaintiff?and?Respondent. OPINION MOSK,?J. Defendant?appeals?from?a?judgment?convicting?him?of?nonviolent?lewd?conduct?with?a?child?under?the?age?of?14.?(Pen.?Code,???288,?subd.?(a).)?He?complains?of?a?number?of?evidentiary?rulings?by?the?trial?court.?As?will?appear,?we?conclude?that?the?principal?rulings?were?correct,?and?the?incorrect?rulings?were?not?prejudicial?on?the?entire?record?of?this?case.?We?therefore?affirm?the?judgment. Defendant?met?Anita?M.?at?a?church?dance?in?April?1985?and?began?dating?her.?Anita,?who?was?divorced,?had?three?children:?Stephanie?(then?age?8),?Valerie?(then?age?7),?and?Isaac?(then?age?1).?Sunday,?June?9,?1985,?was?Stephanie's?ninth?birthday.?About?noon?on?that?day,?defendant,?Anita,?and?her?children?went?shopping?for?birthday?gifts?for?Stephanie.?Next?they?[53?Cal.3d?1295]?drove?to?defendant's?house,?and?after?looking?at?Stephanie's?gifts?they?all?lay?down?together?on?a?large?bed?in?defendant's?bedroom?to?watch?television.?It?was?hot,?and?the?children?were?lightly?clothed;?the?girls?wore?short?"jumper"?suits.?Anita?soon?left?with?Isaac?to?sit?on?the?floor,?and?eventually?took?him?outside?to?play.?Defendant?remained?lying?on?the?bed?between?the?two?girls,?facing?Stephanie. Stephanie?testified?that?defendant?began?touching?her?while?her?mother?was?tending?to?Isaac,?and?"When?my?mom?would?turn?around?to?look?at?the?T.V.?or?so?or?somewhere?close?where?he?was,?he'd?stop."?The?touching?continued?after?her?mother?took?Isaac?outside,?and?Stephanie?described?the?events?in?detail.?On?direct?examination?she?testified?that?"At?first?[it]?was?around?my?pants?and?then?around?the?elastic?part?of?my?underwear."?At?different?times?defendant?used?either?his?fingers?or?his?whole?hand.?Stephanie?continued,?"Then?it?was?inside?my?underwear,"?against?her?skin.?Finally,?Stephanie?testified?that?defendant?put?his?finger?"inside?...?my?vagina"?and?also?touched?"my?chest."?Stephanie?testified?she?knew?it?was?wrong?for?defendant?to?touch?her?in?this?way,?but?she?did?not?move?away?at?first?because?she?was?scared.?After?a?few?minutes,?however,?she?told?defendant?she?had?to?go?to?the?bathroom;?instead,?she?went?directly?to?her?mother?and?told?her?what?defendant?had?done. On?cross-examination?Stephanie?not?only?adhered?to?her?description?of?defendant's?conduct,?but?gave?additional?details?in?response?to?defense?counsel's?questions.?For?example,?she?explained?precisely?how?defendant?touched?her?when?his?hand?reached?the?cuff?of?her?suit,?illustrating?her?testimony?both?by?gesture?and?by?reference?to?a?photograph?of?her?taken?in?that?suit?on?that?day.fn.?1?She?also?reiterated?that?she?did?not?call?out?during?the?touching,?but?that?as?defendant?moved?his?hand?closer?to?her?vagina?she?[53?Cal.3d?1296]?became?"scareder?and?scareder."?On?redirect?examination?she?testified?that?she?did?not?know?what?to?do?when?defendant?began?touching?her.?And?when?the?prosecutor?asked?her?if?she?had?any?other?feeling?about?the?experience,?she?replied,?"Sad." Anita?corroborated?much?of?her?daughter's?testimony.?She?stated?that?Stephanie?emerged?from?defendant's?bedroom?about?10?minutes?after?she?had?left?with?Isaac.?According?to?Anita,?Stephanie?"came?out?of?the?house?a?little?in?a?hurry?and?looked?at?me?with?an?expression?that?I've?never?seen?on?her?face?before.?...?She?looked?sick.?And?she?had?tears?in?her?eyes."?Anita?asked?what?was?the?matter;?at?first?Stephanie?was?"pretty?choked?up?with?crying"?and?said?that?defendant?was?"bothering"?her.?When?pressed?to?say?how?he?was?"bothering"?her,?Stephanie?"stuttered?around?with?it?and?finally?said,?'Well,?he?put?his?hand?in?my?private.'?"?Anita?immediately?went?inside?and?confronted?defendant,?demanding?an?explanation.?Defendant,?however,?"denied?having?any?idea?what?was?wrong,"?and?went?back?to?whatever?he?was?doing?at?the?time.?Anita?testified,?"I?was?lost?for?words"?and?"I?went?into?shock.?I?didn't?know?what?to?do."?She?told?defendant?that?maybe?she?should?"just?go?home,"?but?he?suggested?instead?that?they?all?get?something?to?eat.fn.?2?They?went?to?a?restaurant?for?dinner;?at?the?restaurant?Stephanie?was?quiet?and?withdrawn,?and?in?the?restroom?she?again?talked?to?her?mother?about?the?event. Anita?acknowledged?that?she?dated?defendant?once?more?a?week?or?two?later,?and?that?she?did?not?report?the?matter?to?the?police.?She?did,?however,?discuss?it?with?her?mother,?who?knew?defendant.?Shortly?thereafter?Anita?also?saw?defendant?with?a?mutual?friend?on?a?rafting?trip?sponsored?by?her?church?group,?and?at?that?time?she?told?the?friend?about?the?incident.?On?redirect?examination?Anita?was?asked?why?she?went?out?with?defendant?once?more?after?Stephanie?told?her?what?had?happened,?and?she?replied,?"It's?in?my?personality?or?character,?if?you?will,?to?sit?on?the?fence?until?you?have?enough?information?to?actually?point?your?finger?and?accuse?somebody?of?something?that?is?that?extreme?and?emotional?and?traumatic."?She?also?stressed?that?she?had?"los[t]?a?baby?and?a?husband,"?the?latter?through?divorce,?in?the?year?preceding?these?events. In?June?1986?Stephanie?reported?the?incident?to?authorities?at?her?school,?and?the?police?were?notified. Defendant?took?the?stand?and?denied?the?charge.?His?version?of?the?events?leading?up?to?the?molestation?was?the?same?as?that?of?Stephanie?and?[53?Cal.3d?1297]?her?mother,?except?that?he?insisted?it?all?occurred?one?day?earlier.?With?regard?to?the?touching,?he?told?a?very?different?story.?First?he?acknowledged?that?while?they?were?lying?together?on?his?bed?he?put?his?right?arm?on?Stephanie's?thigh.?Then?he?claimed?that?after?Anita?left?the?room?with?Isaac,?Stephanie?"started?moving?her?left?arm?over?next?to?my?genitals."?Defendant?testified?that?he?"grabbed?her?arm?and?said,?'don't?touch?me?there'?";?that?Stephanie?left?the?room?and?Anita?returned?soon?thereafter;?that?he?and?Anita?discussed?the?incident?in?private;?that?he?told?Anita,?"Your?daughter?touched?me?where?she?shouldn't?have?been";?that?Anita?replied,?"yeah,?I?can?believe?that.?She's?pretty?aggressive?at?times";?and?that?he?and?Anita?then?calmly?told?Stephanie?not?to?let?it?happen?again. Defendant?was?allowed?to?introduce?evidence?of?his?standing?in?the?community.?Counsel?began?the?case?for?the?defense?by?eliciting?without?objection?a?full?statement?of?defendant's?education?and?employment?history:?thus?defendant?testified?he?had?served?four?years?in?the?Navy;?had?attended?two?colleges;?had?been?trained?as?an?electronics?technician;?had?worked?first?for?the?Atari?Company;?had?then?taken?a?job?with?IBM;?had?worked?for?six?years?for?IBM,?where?he?became?a?"senior?manufacturing?method?specialist";?and?at?the?time?of?trial?was?a?"technical?analyst"?in?"product?development"?at?IBM.…